NYY -130 o8.5
SF +120 u8.5
ATH +151 o8.5
TOR -165 u8.5
COL +173 o8.0
MIA -190 u8.0
KC +126 o7.5
ATL -136 u7.5
LAA +141 o9.0
HOU -153 u9.0
DET +117 o7.5
SD -127 u7.5
CLE +151 o7.0
SEA -165 u7.0
AZ +216 o8.5
LAD -240 u8.5
3  Houston
7  Texas

Houston vs Texas Results, Match Player Stats & Records

Boxscore

Livescore Details
Team R H E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Houston Astros HOU Houston 3 8 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
Texas Rangers TEX Texas 7 7 0 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0

Houston Pitcher Dallas Keuchel D. Keuchel (L)

Texas Pitcher Martín Pérez M. Pérez (W)

Game Info

Location  Globe Life Park in Arlington

Temperature  0° Temperature

Attendance  - attendance

Batting Stats

Houston Batting Stats Table
POS AB R H RBI BB SO LOB AVG
J. Villar SS 4 0 0 0 1 1 2 .249
J. Altuve 2B 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 .285
M. Dominguez 3B 4 0 1 0 0 0 3 .245
V. Carter 1B 4 1 2 1 0 1 1 .226
J. Martínez LF 3 0 0 0 0 2 2 .251
     T. Crowe PH -LF 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .231
B. Laird DH 4 1 1 2 0 1 3 .188
J. Hoes RF 4 0 1 0 0 2 1 .282
D. Clark C 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 .105
     J. Paredes PH 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 .197
B. Barnes CF 3 0 0 0 0 2 1 .241
     M. Krauss PH 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 .217
Totals 35 3 8 3 2 12 15

Battling

  • 2B - José Altuve (31)
  • HR - Brandon Laird (5)
  • TB - José Altuve 3, Matthew Dominguez 1, Vernon Carter 2, Brandon Laird 4, Jerome Hoes 1, Douglas Clark 1
  • RBI - Vernon Carter (81), Brandon Laird 2 (11)
  • Team LOB - 15
Texas Batting Stats Table
POS AB R H RBI BB SO LOB AVG
I. Kinsler 2B 4 2 2 2 1 0 0 .276
E. Andrus SS 5 0 1 1 0 0 1 .271
A. Rios RF 4 0 1 1 0 0 1 .286
A. Béltre 3B 4 0 1 0 0 0 2 .317
A. Pierzynski C 4 0 0 0 0 1 1 .271
J. Baker DH 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 .283
     D. Murphy PH -DH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .220
M. Moreland 1B 2 1 0 0 2 1 1 .233
C. Gentry LF 3 2 0 0 0 1 3 .263
L. Martín CF 4 1 1 3 0 2 1 .260
Totals 32 7 7 7 4 6 10

Battling

  • 2B - Adrián Béltre (31), Leonys Martín (20)
  • HR - Ian Kinsler (13)
  • TB - Ian Kinsler 5, Elvis Andrus 1, Alexis Rios 1, Adrián Béltre 2, Jeffrey Baker 1, Leonys Martín 2
  • RBI - Ian Kinsler 2 (70), Elvis Andrus (67), Alexis Rios (22), Leonys Martín 3 (47)
  • Team LOB - 10

Baserunning

  • SB - Craig Gentry (2 off Keuchel/Clark), Elvis Andrus (2 off Keuchel/Clark)

Pitching Stats

Houston Pitching Stats Table
IP H R ER BB SO HR ERA
D. Keuchel (L 6-10) 5 .2 6 7 6 3 5 1 5.15
R. Cruz 1 .1 1 0 0 1 1 0 3.54
J. De Leon 1 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.59
  • HBP - Craig Gentry (by Keuchel)
  • Pitches-Strikes - Dallas Keuchel 0-0, Rhiner Cruz 0-0, Jorge De Leon 0-0
  • Ground Balls-Fly Balls - Dallas Keuchel 9-1, Rhiner Cruz 1-0, Jorge De Leon 1-1
  • Batters Faced - Dallas Keuchel 28, Rhiner Cruz 7, Jorge De Leon 3
Texas Pitching Stats Table
IP H R ER BB SO HR ERA
M. Pérez (W 10-5) 7 .0 6 3 3 1 8 1 3.55
J. Frasor 1 .0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2.64
J. Soria 1 .0 1 0 0 0 3 0 4.09
  • Pitches-Strikes - Martín Pérez 0-0, Jason Frasor 0-0, Joakim Soria 0-0
  • Ground Balls-Fly Balls - Martín Pérez 10-3, Jason Frasor 2-0, Joakim Soria 0-0
  • Batters Faced - Martín Pérez 28, Jason Frasor 5, Joakim Soria 4

HOU vs TEXRecords

HOU vs TEXRecords

Team Table
Team W/L H/A $ RF RA Tot O/U
Houston logo HOU 51-107 27-53 -2149 3.82 5.26 9.08 79-73
Texas logo TEX 86-71 41-35 -229 4.44 3.91 8.35 60-89

HOU vs TEXHead To Head

Win / Loss
10-0
Over / Under
5-5-0
Head-To-Head
Date Home Result ML O/U HOU Starter (IP) TEX Starter (IP)
Sep 24, '13 TEX Texas logo 3 - 2 TEX -350 u8.0 B. Peacock (6.0) Y. Darvish (5.1)
Sep 23, '13 TEX Texas logo 12 - 0 TEX -285 o8.5 J. Lyles (3.0) D. Holland (9.0)
Aug 21, '13 TEX Texas logo 5 - 4 TEX -316 o8.5 E. Bedard (4.1) D. Holland (6.0)
Aug 20, '13 TEX Texas logo 4 - 2 TEX -225 u9.0 J. Cosart (6.0) T. Blackley (4.0)
Aug 19, '13 TEX Texas logo 16 - 5 TEX -297 o9.0 L. Harrell (2.1) M. Garza (6.2)
Aug 12, '13 HOU Texas logo 2 - 1 TEX -230 u7.0 B. Oberholtzer (6.2) Y. Darvish (8.0)
Aug 11, '13 HOU Texas logo 6 - 1 TEX -165 u9.0 D. Keuchel (8.2) M. Pérez (9.0)
Aug 10, '13 HOU Texas logo 5 - 4 TEX -215 o8.5 B. Peacock (6.0) D. Holland (6.0)
Aug 09, '13 HOU Texas logo 9 - 5 TEX -179 o8.0 E. Bedard (6.2) M. Garza (7.0)
Jul 07, '13 TEX Texas logo 5 - 4 TEX -194 u10.0 E. Bedard (6.1) J. Grimm (4.0)

Houston logo Houston Record Last 10

Win / Loss
0-10-0
Over / Under
4-6-0
ML
-$1000
Team - Last 10
Date vs Result ML O/U Starter (IP) Opp Starter (IP)
Sep 24, '13 @ Texas logo TEX L 2 - 3 L +314 u8.0 B. Peacock (6.0) Y. Darvish (5.1)
Sep 23, '13 @ Texas logo TEX L 0 - 12 L +258 o8.5 J. Lyles (3.0) D. Holland (9.0)
Sep 22, '13 @ Cleveland logo CLE L 2 - 9 L +232 o8.0 E. Bedard (5.0) C. Kluber (5.1)
Sep 21, '13 @ Cleveland logo CLE L 1 - 4 L +245 u8.5 P. Clemens (4.2) S. Kazmir (7.0)
Sep 20, '13 @ Cleveland logo CLE L 1 - 2 L +188 u8.0 B. Oberholtzer (6.0) Z. McAllister (5.0)
Sep 19, '13 @ Cleveland logo CLE L 1 - 2 L +241 u8.0 D. Keuchel (7.0) U. Jiménez (7.0)
Sep 18, '13 Cincinnati logo CIN L 5 - 6 L +137 o9.0 B. Peacock (5.2) G. Reynolds (3.2)
Sep 17, '13 Cincinnati logo CIN L 0 - 10 L +166 o8.5 J. Lyles (3.1) M. Leake (8.0)
Sep 16, '13 Cincinnati logo CIN L 1 - 6 L +165 u8.0 E. Bedard (4.0) J. Cueto (5.0)
Sep 15, '13 Los Angeles logo LAA L 1 - 2 L +147 u9.0 P. Clemens (7.0) J. Williams (7.0)

Houston Next 3 Games

Texas logo Texas Record Last 10

Win / Loss
5-5-0
Over / Under
4-5-1
ML
-$140
Team - Last 10
Date vs Result ML O/U Starter (IP) Opp Starter (IP)
Sep 24, '13 Houston logo HOU W 3 - 2 W -350 u8.0 Y. Darvish (5.1) B. Peacock (6.0)
Sep 23, '13 Houston logo HOU W 12 - 0 W -285 o8.5 D. Holland (9.0) J. Lyles (3.0)
Sep 22, '13 @ Kansas City logo KC L 0 - 4 L +115 u7.0 A. Ogando (7.0) J. Shields (8.0)
Sep 21, '13 @ Kansas City logo KC W 3 - 1 W -103 u7.5 M. Garza (8.0) J. Guthrie (6.0)
Sep 20, '13 @ Kansas City logo KC L 1 - 2 L +120 u7.5 M. Pérez (5.2) E. Santana (7.1)
Sep 19, '13 @ Tampa Bay logo TB W 8 - 2 W -116 o6.5 Y. Darvish (5.0) M. Moore (4.0)
Sep 18, '13 @ Tampa Bay logo TB L 3 - 4 L +113 P7.0 D. Holland (6.0) C. Archer (6.0)
Sep 17, '13 @ Tampa Bay logo TB W 7 - 1 W +113 o7.5 A. Ogando (5.0) J. Hellickson (2.2)
Sep 16, '13 @ Tampa Bay logo TB L 2 - 6 L +120 o7.0 M. Garza (4.1) A. Cobb (8.0)
Sep 15, '13 Athletics logo ATH L 1 - 5 L -134 u9.0 M. Pérez (6.1) T. Milone (5.0)

Texas Next 3 Games

Series Stats

Series Game Records

Houston
Overall After Win After Loss
Game 1 20-31 5-8 15-24
Game 2 16-35 7-13 9-23
Game 3 13-33 5-9 8-26
Game 4 2-8 1-3 1-5
Texas
Overall After Win After Loss
Game 1 30-23 19-12 12-12
Game 2 26-24 15-14 12-10
Game 3 26-19 14-11 14-8
Game 4 4-5 4-2 1-3

Next 3 Series

Houston
Date vs W-L Home/Away
Sat, Sep 28 - Sun, Sep 29 @ HOU logo HOU 50-108 24-57 H
Texas
Date vs W-L Home/Away
Fri, Sep 27 - Sun, Sep 29 vs LAA logo LAA 76-84 39-42 A
Tue, Oct 1 - Tue, Oct 1 vs TB logo TB 90-69 41-41 A

HOU vs TEX Preview

Houston at Texas

Last Meeting ( Sep 24, 2013 ) Houston 2, Texas 3

HOU vs TEXInjury report

Houston logoHouston's Injuries

Houston Starters Last Game

Pitchers
POS # Player
RP 0 Erik Bedard
RP 0 Josh Zeid
RP 0 Kevin Chapman
RP 0 Rhiner Cruz
RP 0 Josh Fields
RP 0 Lucas Harrell
RP 0 Jorge De Leon
Hitters
POS # Player
SS 0 Jonathan Villar
2B 0 Jose Altuve
3B 0 Matt Dominguez
1B 0 Chris Carter
RF 0 J.D. Martinez
DH 0 Brandon Laird
PH-DH 0 * Brett Wallace
CF 0 Trevor Crowe
C 0 Carlos Corporan
LF 0 Jake Elmore
PH-LF 0 * Marc Krauss
(* - Change In Order)

Texas's Injuries

Texas Starters Last Game

(* - Change In Order)

HOU vs TEX Starters Recent Games

Win / Loss
1-4
ERA
4.50
Avg. IP
6.0
Last 5
Date Score
Line O/U IP H R ER SO BB HR PIT P/IP GB:FB
Sep 19, '13 CLE 2 - HOU 1
L +241 u8.0 7.0 7 1 1 7 1 0 0 0.0 2.5
Sep 13, '13 HOU 9 - LAA 7
W +124 o9.0 5.2 10 6 6 9 2 1 0 0.0 6.0
Sep 06, '13 ATH 7 - HOU 5
L +245 o7.5 3.1 10 5 5 3 1 0 0 0.0 4.0
Aug 31, '13 HOU 1 - SEA 3
L -120 u9.0 7.0 4 3 3 8 2 0 0 0.0 1.5
Aug 25, '13 HOU 1 - TOR 2
L +135 u8.5 7.0 4 0 0 2 3 0 0 0.0 1.3
Last 5 Avg. 6.0 7.0 3.0 3.0 5.8 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 3.1
Last Vs Texas
Date Score
Line O/U IP H R ER SO BB HR PIT P/IP GB:FB
Aug 11, '13 HOU 1 - TEX 6
L +152 u9.0 8.2 8 6 5 8 1 0 0 0.0 4.0
Jul 06, '13 TEX 5 - HOU 9
W +288 o9.0 5.0 6 2 2 4 1 0 0 0.0 0.8
May 10, '13 HOU 2 - TEX 4
L +190 u9.0 6.0 5 2 2 3 2 1 0 0.0 6.0
Last 3 Avg. 6.1 6.3 3.3 3.0 5.0 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 3.6
Win / Loss
2-3
ERA
3.30
Avg. IP
6.0
Last 5
Date Score
Line O/U IP H R ER SO BB HR PIT P/IP GB:FB
Sep 20, '13 KC 2 - TEX 1
L +120 u7.5 5.2 7 1 1 3 4 0 0 0.0 4.0
Sep 15, '13 TEX 1 - ATH 5
L -134 u9.0 6.1 7 3 3 3 2 2 0 0.0 0.8
Sep 10, '13 TEX 4 - PIT 5
L -125 o8.0 5.0 9 4 4 2 2 0 0 0.0 1.0
Sep 03, '13 ATH 1 - TEX 5
W +115 u7.5 7.0 8 1 1 5 0 0 0 0.0 0.6
Aug 28, '13 SEA 4 - TEX 12
W +106 o7.0 6.0 5 2 2 3 2 2 0 0.0 3.0
Last 5 Avg. 6.0 7.2 2.2 2.2 3.2 2.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.9
Last Vs Houston
Date Score
Line O/U IP H R ER SO BB HR PIT P/IP GB:FB
Aug 11, '13 HOU 1 - TEX 6
W -165 u9.0 9.0 4 1 1 8 2 1 0 0.0 2.2
Last 1 Avg. 9.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.2

HOU vs TEXStats

HOU vs TEX Stats Analysis

All Pitchers
ERA AVG. OBP WHIP IP HR BB K
Houston logo Houston 4.84 .273 .346 1.49 8.2 1.2 3.7 6.6
Texas logo Texas 3.65 .247 .308 1.25 8.2 1.0 2.8 7.9

More Stats

Houston Bullpen REST G IP H R ER HR BB SO ERA WHIP GB:FB
Darin Downs (L) 215 28 34.2 36 20 19 4 8 37 5.03 1.27 23:23
Last 3 3 2.2 2 2 2 1 0 1 9.00 0.75 2:3
Jarred Cosart (R) 15 10 60.0 46 15 13 3 35 33 1.95 1.35 73:30
Last 3 3 15.0 14 6 5 2 14 12 3.00 1.87 15:7
Rhiner Cruz (R) 6 17 19.0 23 9 8 2 10 8 3.79 1.74 11:15
Last 3 3 4.2 3 1 1 0 1 2 2.25 0.86 1:5
Philip Humber (R) 3 17 54.2 75 48 48 9 19 36 8.00 1.72 60:40
Last 3 3 9.1 10 5 5 1 3 8 5.00 1.39 5:10
Jorge De Leon (R) 3 9 8.2 11 7 6 1 6 6 6.75 1.96 6:7
Last 3 3 4.0 3 3 3 1 3 3 6.75 1.50 3:3
Jordan Lyles (R) 2 27 141.2 165 98 88 17 48 93 5.62 1.50 165:85
Last 3 3 12.1 19 18 15 1 8 7 11.25 2.19 15:10
Joshua Fields (R) 2 38 35.0 28 21 21 8 15 37 5.40 1.23 26:18
Last 3 3 3.0 0 0 0 0 3 5 0.00 1.00 2:1
David Martinez (R) 2 4 11.1 16 11 9 1 3 6 7.36 1.68 12:8
Last 3 3 8.2 15 10 9 1 3 5 10.13 2.08 7:7
Chia-Jen Lo (R) 2 18 18.2 14 9 9 2 12 16 4.50 1.39 15:11
Last 3 3 3.2 1 0 0 0 2 4 0.00 0.82 4:1
Kevin Chapman (L) 1 22 18.2 11 6 4 1 10 13 2.00 1.13 16:15
Last 3 3 3.0 3 0 0 0 0 3 0.00 1.00 2:4
Joshua Zeid (R) 1 22 24.2 25 11 11 3 12 18 4.13 1.50 23:17
Last 3 3 4.1 2 0 0 0 2 5 0.00 0.92 1:2
Bullpen Total 252 212 427.0 450 255 236 51 178 303 4.97 1.47 430:269
Last 3 33 70.2 72 45 40 7 39 55 5.09 1.57 57:53
Available Bullpen 250 168 383.2 414 238 221 47 156 272 5.18 1.49 391:237


Texas Bullpen REST G IP H R ER HR BB SO ERA WHIP GB:FB
Chaz Roe (R) 215 19 20.1 16 7 7 2 9 21 3.15 1.23 24:8
Last 3 3 3.0 2 1 1 1 1 1 3.00 1.00 6:0
Matthew Harrison (L) 172 2 10.2 14 11 10 2 5 12 9.00 1.78 10:4
Last 3 2 10.2 14 11 10 2 5 12 9.00 1.78 10:4
Michael Kirkman (L) 111 25 22.0 36 20 20 2 11 25 8.18 2.14 14:14
Last 3 3 2.0 10 6 6 1 0 3 27.00 5.00 0:2
Cory Burns (R) 21 10 11.1 12 4 4 1 5 5 3.27 1.50 5:13
Last 3 3 2.2 6 2 2 1 0 0 9.00 2.25 2:3
Nicholas Tepesch (R) 12 19 93.0 100 53 50 12 24 76 4.84 1.33 105:48
Last 3 3 7.2 8 4 4 1 3 6 5.14 1.43 4:8
Ross Wolf (R) 12 22 47.2 58 24 22 5 14 21 4.21 1.51 48:29
Last 3 3 5.0 8 4 4 1 3 5 7.20 2.20 2:3
Travis Blackley (L) 12 46 50.1 46 27 27 12 20 40 4.86 1.31 44:27
Last 3 3 11.1 13 6 6 1 1 9 4.91 1.24 11:4
Robert Ross Jr. (L) 6 62 59.2 62 21 21 4 16 54 3.20 1.31 59:28
Last 3 3 3.2 3 0 0 0 0 3 0.00 0.82 5:2
Neftali Feliz (R) 4 6 4.2 5 0 0 0 2 4 0.00 1.50 1:5
Last 3 3 1.1 2 0 0 0 2 1 0.00 3.00 0:2
Joseph Ortiz (L) 4 32 44.2 46 26 21 5 8 27 4.30 1.21 43:26
Last 3 3 2.2 2 1 1 0 0 1 4.50 0.75 6:0
Joakim Soria (R) 3 23 21.0 17 10 10 2 11 23 4.29 1.33 15:10
Last 3 3 2.2 4 3 3 1 1 2 13.50 1.88 2:1
Neal Cotts (L) 1 54 53.2 35 8 7 2 15 61 1.19 0.93 46:22
Last 3 3 3.0 2 1 1 0 0 4 3.00 0.67 3:1
Jason Frasor (R) 1 58 46.2 35 15 14 4 14 45 2.74 1.05 39:25
Last 3 3 2.0 2 1 1 0 1 2 4.50 1.50 0:2
Tanner Scheppers (R) 1 71 71.2 54 19 15 6 21 55 1.90 1.05 69:36
Last 3 3 3.2 2 0 0 0 1 5 0.00 0.82 2:2
Bullpen Total 575 449 557.1 536 245 228 59 175 469 3.68 1.28 522:295
Last 3 41 61.1 78 40 39 9 18 54 5.72 1.57 53:34
Available Bullpen 572 266 385.1 412 203 192 47 125 308 4.48 1.39 368:212
Houston All Starters REST G IP H R ER HR BB SO ERA WHIP GB:FB
Brett Oberholtzer (L) 5 12 66.1 61 23 20 7 12 41 2.73 1.10 55:56
Lucas Harrell (R) 4 35 149.0 169 107 96 19 83 85 5.80 1.69 190:70
Paul Clemens (R) 4 34 68.0 77 46 43 16 24 45 5.69 1.49 55:61
Erik Bedard (L) 3 31 144.0 146 83 77 18 75 129 4.81 1.53 104:86
Bradley Peacock (R) 1 18 83.1 78 51 48 15 37 77 5.20 1.38 65:57


Texas All Starters REST G IP H R ER HR BB SO ERA WHIP GB:FB
Matthew Garza (R) 4 23 150.0 139 69 65 20 38 133 3.90 1.18 127:101
Alexi Ogando (R) 3 21 98.1 77 34 32 11 36 68 2.94 1.15 81:81
Derek Holland (L) 2 32 208.1 202 86 77 20 64 185 3.33 1.28 157:140
Yu Darvish (R) 1 31 204.0 141 66 64 25 77 269 2.82 1.07 135:108

Some of our content has moved

Records, stats, preview and injuries can be found in the Stats tab. Props can be found in the Picks Tab.

Betting Terminology

  • M/L: Closing moneyline odds
  • O/U: Closing total and odds
  • IP: Innings pitched by the starter
  • H: Hits allowed by the starter
  • R: Runs allowed by the starter
  • ER: Earned runs allowed by the starter
  • SO: Strikeouts thrown by the starter
  • BB: Walks allowed by the starter
  • HR: Home runs allowed by the starter
  • PIT: Total pitches thrown by the starter
  • P/IP: Pitches thrown per inning by the starter
  • GB:FB: Groundball - flyball ratio by the starter

Betting Terminology

  • W/L: Win-loss record (last 10)
  • Net $: $ won/lost based on $100 bets (last 10)
  • O/U: Over under record (last 10)
  • M/L: Closing moneyline odds for the game
  • O/U: Closing total and odds for the game
  • Away/Home Starter: Starting pitchers for the game
  • Last vs: The result last time the teams played
  • Schedule Starter: Expected starter for the upcoming game

Betting Terminology

Records below refer to the game # of all series across the season. Game 1, game 2 etc.

  • Overall: Team’s season record
  • After Win: Team’s record for the game immediately after a win
  • After Loss: Team’s record for the game immediately after a loss

Betting Terminology

  • Runs/9: Runs per nine innings
  • AVG: Batting average
  • Hits: Average hits per game
  • HR: Average home runs per game
  • BB: Average bases on balls (walks) per game
  • EB Hits: Average extra base hits per game
  • SB: Average stolen bases per game
  • OBP: On base percentage
  • R: Runs allowed
  • ER: Earned runs allowed
  • AVG: Batting average allowed
  • HR: Average home runs allowed
  • BB: Average bases on balls (walks) allowed
  • IP(S): Average innings pitched by starters
  • K(S): Average strikeouts by starters
  • K(B): Average strikeouts by bullpen
  • Rest(B): % of relievers that are available to pitch today
  • RF: Average team runs for. The run support pitchers are getting

Pages Related to This Topic

Texas Sports Betting
North Carolina Sports Betting
MLB Betting Sites
Best North Carolina Sportsbook Promotions

About Units and “ROI”

Units are a standardized measurement used to determine the size of each of your bets relative to your bankroll. For example, if you have a bankroll of $200 and you bet 5% of your bankroll each time, each of your units is worth $10. A bettor with a $2000 bankroll who bets 5% per bet has units of $100. We use the number of units to standardize the amount the trend is up or down across different bet amounts.

ROI is the best indicator of success and measures how much you bet vs. how much you profited. Any positive ROI is good in sports betting with great long-term bettors sitting in the 5-7% range.

Sports Betting Bankroll Management and ROI Guide

Weather Forecast

Some of our content has moved

Records, stats, preview and injuries can be found in the Stats tab. Props can be found in the Picks Tab.